Fortunately, many LASIK providers offer discounts for people on active duty, veterans, and their families. In this article, we’ll go over military discounts and who qualifies for discounts on LASIK.

Available LASIK Discounts for Military Service Members

Military discounts for LASIK can depend on the provider and their location. However, the discount typically ranges between 15% to 40%. 

Here are some of the resources providing or listing LASIK discounts for service members:

• Military.com
• LasikPlus
• QualSight
• IQ Laser Vision
• Dello Russo Laser Vision

Contact the provider if you want to know more about a specific discount. Furthermore, many LASIK providers offer additional services and incentives.

Does TRICARE Cover LASIK Surgery?

Unfortunately, TRICARE doesn’t typically cover the cost of LASIK surgery because it’s considered an elective procedure. However, TRICARE may cover LASIK if it’s considered medically necessary. 

LASIK may be considered medically necessary if:

• It’s used to correct vision problems caused by an injury
• Patients can’t wear glasses or contact lenses
• It’s used to correct vision problems caused by surgery

Who Qualifies for Military Discounts on LASIK?

The people who qualify for a military discount on LASIK include:

• Active duty service members. People currently serving in any branch of the U.S. Armed Forces 
• Veterans. Former military personnel 
• Reservists. Reserve members of the military
• Dependents. Family members of active military personnel, veterans, or reserve members

Although dependents of military personnel can take advantage of discounts, this may depend on the specific provider. Additionally, the discount might be smaller for dependents.

How to Access LASIK Discounts for Military Service Members

It’s very easy to access military discounts for LASIK. Here’s how:

1. Choose a provider and contact them
2. Verify eligibility (ID, veteran status, documentation, etc.)
3. Schedule a consultation 
4. Review terms and conditions

Feel free to ask questions during the consultation to clarify specific details about the discount and any additional incentives. Some providers offer free LASIK consultation as well.

How Is LASIK Beneficial to Military Members?

LASIK eye surgery offers several advantages to military service members. These benefits include:

• Improved visual acuity
• Helps you train without visual problems
• Eliminates the need for glasses or contacts
• Improves deployment readiness

Overall, having improved eyesight ensures you’re able to adapt to various conditions without glasses.

Can LASIK Surgery Enhance Military Career Opportunities?

Certain military occupational specialties have strict vision requirements, such as:

• Pilots
• Special forces
• Air force
• Navy SEALs

You might be barred from these occupational specialties because of less-than-perfect vision. However, LASIK can vastly improve your eyesight and help you advance your military career.

LASIK Recovery and Outcomes

LASIK has a very short recovery period. Most patients see improvement within a few hours. After a few days or weeks, you’ll have full visual stabilization.

Studies have shown a high success rate with LASIK in the military. Over 95% of military personnel achieved 20/20 vision or better after surgery.

Summary

LASIK eye surgery corrects refractive errors, improves eyesight, and removes the need for glasses or contact lenses. Because of the military’s strict vision requirements, many people consider LASIK.

Many LASIK providers offer 15% to 40% discounts for military service members, veterans, and their dependents. Although TRICARE doesn’t usually cover the cost of LASIK, it may if it’s considered medically necessary. 

Over 95% of military personnel achieved 20/20 vision or better after surgery. The recovery period for LASIK is very short, with most patients seeing improvement within hours and full stabilization within days or weeks.

Several conditions can cause hypopyon, some of which are life-threatening or vision-threatening. If you suspect a hypopyon, seek emergency medical treatment immediately.

What Is Hypopyon?

Hypopyon is an uncommon medical condition that occurs when white blood cells (leukocytes) accumulate in the eye’s anterior chamber. 

What Does a Hypopyon Look Like?

A hypopyon is often visible without magnification. It appears as white or yellow sediment in the front part of the eye.

What Are the Symptoms of a Hypopyon?

The most noticeable sign of a hypopyon is the presence of pus or whitish fluid in the lower anterior chamber of the eye. This is the front part of your eye below the colored area (iris).

Other hypopyon symptoms vary depending on the underlying cause of ocular inflammation. Symptoms may include:

• Blurred vision
• Redness
• Eye pain
• Eyelid swelling
• Excess tearing
• Sensitivity to light

What Causes Hypopyon?

Hypopyon is caused by severe intraocular inflammation.¹ There are many possible causes, some of which are considered medical emergencies.

Causes may include:

1. Endophthalmitis

Endophthalmitis is a medical emergency involving infection of the eye’s fluids or tissues. It requires an urgent ophthalmology evaluation.

Without treatment, endophthalmitis can cause permanent blindness. Hypopyon formation is present in about 85% of cases of acute endophthalmitis.¹  

2. Behçet’s Disease

Also called Behçet’s syndrome, this rare disease causes inflammation in the blood vessels and tissues all over the body. It can lead to serious and life-threatening problems, such as vision loss and stroke.

Behçet’s disease is a risk factor for hypopyon. Symptoms include:

• Eye pain and redness
• Blurry vision 
• Headaches
• Genital and mouth ulcers
• Joint pain and swelling (arthritis)

3. Infectious Corneal Ulcer

A corneal ulcer is an open wound or lesion on the cornea, which is the transparent dome at the front of the eye. Infections are the most common cause of corneal ulcers, with bacteria responsible for most cases.⁸

A corneal ulcer begins as keratitis, which is inflammation of the cornea. Common types of keratitis that can cause a corneal ulcer include:

• Bacterial keratitis
• Fungal keratitis
• Herpes simplex viral keratitis

Corneal ulcer complications can include corneal perforation and scarring, glaucoma development, and vision loss. 

4. Uveitis

Uveitis is inflammation of the middle layer of the eye (uvea), which is located between the retina and cornea. The uvea consists of the iris, ciliary body, and choroid.

Hypopyon is relatively uncommon in patients with uveitis. It’s most likely to occur in cases of acute anterior uveitis, especially in patients who test positive for the HLA-B27 protein.²

Anterior uveitis, also called iritis, is the most common form of the disease. Acute anterior uveitis occurs quickly and can cause severe eye pain, light sensitivity, and blurry vision.

5. Leukemia

Rarely, a hypopyon can be an early sign of a leukemia relapse. The presence of a blood-stained hypopyon warrants a prompt oncology evaluation.⁴

When Should You See a Doctor for Hypopyon?

Getting an ophthalmology exam as soon as you suspect you might have a hypopyon is crucial. Even though hypopyon is typically visible without magnification, your eye doctor will perform a slit-lamp exam or order lab work to determine the underlying cause.

How Is Hypopyon Treated?

Hypopyon treatment focuses on addressing the underlying condition causing inflammation. An ophthalmology consultation will confirm a diagnosis.

Depending on the cause, treatment for hypopyon may include:

• Intravitreal antibiotics. An injection of medicine into the gel inside the eye (vitreous)
• Surgical intervention. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) is a surgery to remove the vitreous from the eye 
• Intensive topical steroids and antibiotics. To reduce inflammation and fight infection after surgery
• Oral antibiotics. To fight infection in the whole body
• Topical atropine. Dilating eye drops to reduce ciliary spasms

Is Immediate Treatment Necessary for Hypopyon?

Yes. Some conditions that cause hypopyon can lead to permanent vision loss or death. Get an emergency ophthalmology evaluation right away.

Can Hypopyon Recur After Treatment?

Effective treatment of the underlying condition is typically adequate to resolve hypopyon and improve vision. However, follow-up ophthalmology exams may be necessary to monitor the eye. 

What Are the Risk Factors for Hypopyon?

Hypopyon is due to an underlying medical condition or eye infection. Risk factors for hypopyon include:²

• Behçet’s disease
• Presence of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 in the blood
• Spondyloarthropathy (arthritis of the spine)

Is Hypopyon Always Infectious in Nature?

No. Hypopyon can occur due to a wide range of conditions, including infectious and non-infectious ocular and systemic diseases. It is not contagious, meaning it can’t spread from person to person.

Endophthalmitis is a serious eye infection commonly associated with hypopyon. If left untreated, it can lead to blindness. Non-infectious causes of hypopyon include Behçet’s disease and certain types of arthritis.

How Can One Differentiate Between Infective and Noninfective Hypopyon?

You should not try to self-diagnose hypopyon or the underlying cause. Seek an immediate ophthalmology evaluation.

Summary

Hypopyon is the accumulation of white blood cells in the eye’s anterior chamber. It’s a sign of severe inflammation due to an eye infection or other condition.

Some causes of hypopyon are considered medical emergencies because they can potentially lead to blindness or death. If you notice signs of hypopyon, seek treatment right away.

Night blindness is usually the first symptom, followed by peripheral vision loss (tunnel vision). Choroideremia symptoms typically begin in childhood, progressing to complete blindness by late adulthood.

Choroideremia is caused by mutations in the CHM gene, which is located on the X chromosome. There’s no cure for this Choroideremia, but ongoing clinical trials aim to slow or reverse the disease progression.

This article further discusses Choroideremia, including its causes, symptoms, and potential gene therapy treatment.

What is Choroideremia?

Choroideremia is a rare disease characterized by the loss of cell layers in the retina. It’s also known as progressive tapetochoroidal dystrophy and choroidal sclerosis.

The retina is the light-sensitive tissue at the back of the eye. Retinal degeneration affects the following layers:

• Photoreceptors. These light-sensing cells (rods and cones) convert light into electrical signals for the brain to process into images.
• Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). This layer provides support for the photoreceptors.
• Choroid. This area contains blood vessels that supply the other layers.

People with Choroideremia experience progressive vision loss. It begins with impaired night vision (night blindness) and progresses to a loss of peripheral vision. Central vision is usually preserved until later in life.

What are the Symptoms of Choroideremia?

Generally, the first symptom of Choroideremia is night blindness. This begins in late childhood, typically around 10 years of age.

As the disease progresses into adolescence, loss of peripheral vision occurs. Gradually, peripheral vision loss worsens until only a small area of central vision remains (tunnel vision).

Progressive vision loss continues throughout adulthood. The disease progression rate and severity of vision loss differ from person to person. This is true even among members of the same family.

Over the course of a few decades, visual loss extends to depth perception, color perception, and, finally, central vision. Complete blindness usually occurs around 50 to 70 years of age.

People with this disease may also experience posterior subcapsular cataracts and retinal detachment. 

Do Females Have Choroideremia Symptoms?

Female carriers generally have no symptoms. However, an eye doctor may detect signs of retinal pigment epithelium degeneration or depigmentation during a fundus exam. 

Females may experience mild symptoms — such as visual field loss and night blindness — later in life.

What Causes Choroideremia?

Choroideremia is an X-linked recessive genetic disease. It’s caused by changes (mutations) in a gene located on the X chromosome.

The mutated gene that causes Choroideremia is the CHM gene.

How Is Choroideremia Inherited?

X-linked diseases such as Choroideremia are passed through families by a gene on the X chromosome. A female with only one mutated gene (heterozygous) is called a carrier in X-linked recessive inheritance.

Females have two X chromosomes. Female carriers have a disease gene on only one X chromosome. The other X chromosome has a healthy CHM gene, which prevents them from experiencing severe vision problems.

Female carriers can pass the disease on to their children even if they don’t have symptoms. They can pass it on to sons or daughters.

Affected males can pass it on to their daughters, making them disease carriers. However, male patients cannot pass the disease on to their sons. This is because the altered gene isn’t carried on the Y chromosome.

Why Are Males Primarily Affected?

Males have one X chromosome; it’s paired with one Y chromosome. When males inherit an X-linked disease gene, no healthy copy compensates for it. Therefore, males are more genetically susceptible to X-linked diseases.

What Does the CHM Gene Do?

The CHM gene encodes Rab escort protein-1 (REP-1). This protein plays an essential role in the metabolism of retinal cells.

A mutated CHM gene won’t encode REP-1, preventing normal function in retinal cells and causing them to die. Over time, retinal degeneration leads to visual acuity impairment and vision loss.

Choroideremia Diagnosis

An ophthalmologist will perform a comprehensive eye exam to check for signs of Choroideremia. Genetic testing will distinguish it from similar retinal diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa.

Tests that help diagnose Choroideremia include:

• Fundus examination. An eye doctor will dilate your pupils to examine the back of your eye and check for signs of a diseased retina.
• Electroretinogram (ERG). This test uses electrodes on your face and eyelid to measure photoreceptors’ response to light stimulus.
• Fluorescein angiography. This involves injecting a special dye into your veins to highlight the blood vessels in your eye.
• Optical coherence tomography (OCT). This noninvasive imaging test creates pictures of the back of the eye.
• Genetic test. Laboratory testing of genetic material from blood, hair, skin, or amniotic fluid (during pregnancy) can confirm the presence of a mutated CHM gene.

Differential Diagnosis

Choroideremia shares similar signs and symptoms with many other inherited retinal dystrophies, including:

• Gyrate atrophy
• Retinitis pigmentosa
• Myopic degeneration
• Usher syndrome type 1
• Thioridazine hydrochloride retinal toxicity
• Kearns-Sayre syndrome (KSS)
• Bietti’s crystalline dystrophy

Genetic testing information will confirm a diagnosis and rule out these other diseases.

Choroideremia Treatment

No effective treatments or cures for this disease have been established. However, recent clinical research has brought hope of developing a successful gene therapy.¹ At this time, treatments focus on coping with the disease.

Living With Choroideremia

Managing this disease may include:

• Healthy diet. Including plenty of fresh fruit and leafy green vegetables
• Nutritional supplements. As needed, including antioxidants, vitamins, and omega-3 fatty acids
• Physical activity. To promote ocular health and overall health
• Avoiding UV exposure. Wearing UV-blocking sunglasses outdoors
• Avoiding smoking. A major risk factor for macular degeneration
• Low vision aids. Such as magnifiers and other devices recommended by a low vision specialist
• Genetic counseling. To inform affected individuals and family members about the inherited nature of genetic diseases and help with decision-making
• Other types of counseling. To cope with visual impairments and other issues related to vision loss, such as depression and anxiety
• Surgery. To repair retinal detachment, a common complication of Choroideremia
• Cataract surgery. To remove posterior subcapsular cataracts

Clinical Trials

Multiple clinical trials investigating retinal gene therapy show promising results for future Choroideremia treatments.^1-2,4 

The trials involve using viruses to carry out the functions of the altered gene. Initial findings indicate an improvement in visual acuity that lasts for several years.

However, gene therapy has its challenges. Some participants experienced significant complications, including retinal overstretching and inflammation. As ongoing clinical trials are completed, more information will be available in the coming years. 

Summary

Choroideremia is a rare genetic eye disease that mostly affects males. It causes gradual visual loss, starting with night blindness in childhood. Progressive visual loss leads to tunnel vision and then blindness later in adulthood.  

It’s an X-linked genetic disease involving a mutation in the CHM gene. The CHM mutation causes retinal cells to die. The retinal layers affected include the photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium, and choroid.

Because females have two X chromosomes, they can have a disease gene on only one chromosome. This makes them asymptomatic carriers. Males have one X and one Y chromosome, making them genetically susceptible to X-linked diseases.

Hubble is a relatively new contact lens company with a radically different business model. According to their website, Hubble aims to make it easy and hassle-free to achieve crystal-clear vision. With a trial box that only costs $1, their lenses come at an affordable price.¹  

However, the American Optometric Association (AOA) has criticized Hubble over the company’s lax prescription verification process.⁷

Before you consider wearing Hubble contacts, know that The U.S. Department of Justice and Federal Trade Commission (FTC) ordered Hubble’s parent company to pay $3.5 million in January 2022. This payment is for violating the Fairness to Contact Lens Consumers Act and the FTC’s Contact Lens Rule.³ More than $1.9 million was returned to customers who had ordered Hubble contacts.⁴

Before trying Hubble contact lenses, read further to learn what you need to know.

The Verdict on Hubble Contacts

Hubble sells contacts at a great price with the added convenience of a subscription delivery service. However, their older lens material may not be the best for your eyes.

We recommend contacting your eye doctor first if you want to try Hubble contacts. Your doctor will ensure the Hubble contacts’ measurements are a good fit for you. They may recommend a different brand of lenses if you have particularly dry or sensitive eyes.

What are Hubble Contacts?

Hubble sells their own brand of FDA-approved daily disposable contact lenses directly to customers. They’re an American-based business, but their contact lenses are manufactured in Taiwan.

The personalized monthly subscription service automatically ships the number of contacts you need to your address. This means you don’t have to worry about reordering or running out of contact lenses.

Currently, they offer two types of Hubble lenses:

• Classic. The most affordable option, starting at $1 for your first box
• Hydro. Premium contacts that start at $14.99 and feature slimmer, more hygienic packaging and hydrating lenses with a thin edge for enhanced comfort

Both types are daily contacts, with Classic having 55% water content and Hydro having 57%. Classic has UV protection, while Hydro doesn’t. Each arrives in packaging made from recyclable material.

Hubble Contacts’ Comfort and Quality

One of the major arguments against Hubble’s contacts is their use of outdated lens material. Hubble makes their contact lenses from Methafilcon A hydrogel, an old material with low oxygen permeability.⁶

Many eye doctors consider Methafilcon A a poor-quality lens material because it limits oxygen reaching your cornea.⁵ If your eye doesn’t get enough oxygen, it can lead to corneal swelling (corneal edema) and endothelial damage.⁶

Newer lenses allow more oxygen to reach your cornea. More oxygen is better for your eye health and reduces the risk of long-term vision problems.

Hubble Contacts Lawsuit

A New Mexico woman is suing Hubble after having her right eye removed. The suit claims she developed a severe eye infection, decreased vision, and a corneal ulcer after wearing Hubble contacts.⁵

Hubble Contacts Pricing and Subscription Service

The cost of Hubble contact lenses varies depending on the type. The company offers a discounted rate and free shipping for your first order.

How Much Do Hubble Contacts Cost?

After your first order, the price for Hubble lenses is:

• Classic. $19.99 per eye 
• Hydro. $24.99 per eye

You’ll also have to pay $3 for shipping, handling, and applicable sales tax on each delivery. Hubble charges your credit card on file with every new shipment.

How Does Hubble’s Subscription Service Work?

Hubble offers a personalized subscription plan. They can deliver contact lenses every 4, 6, or 8 weeks. Simply choose the shipping frequency that works best for your needs at checkout.

Hubble makes it easy to change or cancel your subscription. You can cancel online through the member portal on their website. You can also contact their customer service department through the following channels:

• Phone. 1-844-334-1640 
• Email. help@hubblecontacts.com

Customer Service and Shipping Time

Customers report mixed reviews regarding their experiences with Hubble’s customer service. 

Many reviews describe poor customer service, citing issues such as:

• Lack of responsiveness to emails
• Difficulty reaching a representative
• Unauthorized credit card charges
• Trouble canceling subscriptions and getting refunds

Other reviews mention great customer service experiences with responsive and helpful representatives. 

How Long Does it Take to Get Contacts from Hubble?

Hubble uses USPS standard economy shipping, which usually takes 5 to 10 business days. However, shipments outside the continental U.S. may take longer.

They don’t offer an expedited shipping option or tracking information for orders. Several customer reviews report shipping delays and receiving their contact lenses late or not at all.

Does Hubble Verify the Prescription with Your Eye Doctor?

Hubble’s website states that starter packs may take longer to arrive while their team verifies your prescription with your eye doctor. However, there are inconsistencies regarding this.

Hubble’s failure to verify customers’ prescription information is the reason for most of its legal troubles. It’s also why the AOA warns against using Hubble.⁷

Prescription verification is a crucial step in obtaining contact lenses online. Not all contacts are the same. You should only wear the size, shape, and brand your eye doctor prescribes based on your eye exam.

Hubble Contacts vs. Other Brands

Hubble isn’t the only company that ships contact lenses at a great price to your doorstep. Many online retailers provide high-quality lenses made by trusted contact lens brands.

We recommend the following:

• 1-800 Contacts
• Warby Parker
• GlassesUSA 

Read our guide to the best websites to order contacts online here. Discount stores like Walmart and Costco also offer contact lens delivery. You’ll need a valid vision prescription for all these options. 

You can also purchase contact lenses directly from your eye doctor’s office. They may even be able to ship them to your house.

Pros and Cons of Hubble Contacts

Here are the advantages and drawbacks of Hubble:

What are Customers Saying About Hubble Contacts?

Customer reviews about Hubble contact lenses are mixed. They have 3.1 out of 5 stars on Trustpilot and are not accredited by the Better Business Bureau.

Some customers love Hubble and claim to have had an amazing experience with them. Others report complaints.

What Do Customers Love About Hubble?

Positive feedback includes the following:

• Prompt delivery
• Comfortable lenses
• Great customer service
• Reasonable prices
• Convenient subscription service

What About Customer Complaints?

The most common negative reviews about Hubble include:

• Poor customer service
• Low-quality contacts
• Shipping and delivery issues
• Unreliable subscription management
• Difficulty canceling subscriptions
• Trouble logging into their account

Summary

• Hubble is a relatively new business that sells its own brand of contact lenses directly to customers
• Hubble’s convenient subscription model delivers new contact lenses to your doorstep every 4, 6, or 8 weeks
• The American Optometric Association (AOA) has criticized Hubble’s lax approach to prescription verification, leading to a multi-million dollar settlement from the FTC
• Hubble contacts are made from Methafilcon A, an older material with poor oxygen permeability
• Customer reviews of Hubble contacts are mixed

Moving objects appear as stop-motion frames in a movie reel or disappear entirely. An inability to detect motion causes difficulty with many daily tasks, such as driving, cooking, and watching television. 

Akinetopsia has no known cure or effective treatment. This article explores what the scientific community knows about akinetopsia, including its causes, symptoms, and management.

What is Akinetopsia?

Akinetopsia, or motion blindness, is a rare visual perception disorder. It’s due to a problem with the brain rather than the eyes, which is why it’s sometimes called cerebral akinetopsia.

There are two categories of cerebral akinetopsia:

Inconspicuous Akinetopsia

This is the most common type of akinetopsia, though it’s still rare. People with inconspicuous akinetopsia perceive motion as a series of still images or a movie reel.

For example, pretend you tossed a ball in the air. A person with normal vision would see the ball move in a continuous arc. Someone with inconspicuous akinetopsia would see the ball jump from frame to frame. To them, the ball may look like it’s moving in slow motion. This is called stroboscopic vision.

People with this type of akinetopsia may also experience visual trailing. It means moving objects leave a trail of afterimages. 

Gross Akinetopsia

This is the most rare and severe type of visual motion blindness. Unlike the inconspicuous type, people with gross akinetopsia don’t see moving objects as a movie reel. They have no visual motion perception at all.

This type of akinetopsia might cause scenery to become invisible while looking out the window in a moving vehicle. When pouring tea, the liquid may appear frozen instead of fluid.³

Symptoms of Akinetopsia

Symptoms of cerebral akinetopsia may vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. They include:

• Inability to perceive motion. Stationary objects are visible but not moving objects.
• Stroboscopic vision. Objects jump from frame to frame, like on an old movie reel. It can also look like the object is moving through a room with strobe lights.
• Visual trailing (palinopsia). Copies of an image remain in the visual field after the moving stimuli cease.
• No movement vision. Moving objects seem to disappear or become frozen.

Causes of Akinetopsia

Very little is known about the exact causes of akinetopsia because so few cases have been reported. Studies indicate that akinetopsia is related to impairment in the part of the brain responsible for visual motion processing.^1-3,5 

Possible causes of damage to this part of the brain include:

• Stroke
• Brain lesions (cortical lesions)
• Side effects of medications
• Traumatic brain injury
• Neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease

Who is at Risk of Akinetopsia?

Akinetopsia can affect people of any age, gender, race, and ethnicity. Some conditions may increase your risk for akinetopsia.

These conditions include:^2,4

• Brain tumors
• Alzheimer’s disease
• Traumatic brain injury
• Post-concussive syndrome
• Receiving transcranial magnetic stimulation
• Use of certain antidepressants in high doses, such as nefazodone

These risk factors don’t ensure you’ll get akinetopsia. It’s an extremely rare condition. Talk to your doctor if you’re concerned that a particular treatment may increase your risk for akinetopsia.

What Part of the Brain Is Affected by Akinetopsia?

The specific region of the brain involved in akinetopsia is known as the visual area V5/middle temporal cortex (V5/MT).^1-3,5 V5/MT is part of the brain’s visual cortex, located at the back (posterior) side of the brain in the outer layer (cerebral cortex). 

The visual cortex is on both sides of the brain. Most cases of akinetopsia involve damage on both sides (bilateral lesions).² However, some cases have damage on one side (unilateral lesions).³

Different areas of the visual cortex are responsible for processing specific visual information. Area V5/MT plays a major role in visual motion perception and integration. It also helps guide some eye movements.

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a procedure that mimics the effects of temporary brain lesions. TMS studies show that akinetopsia can be selectively and temporarily induced by stimulating the V5/MT region in healthy subjects.²

Akinetopsia Diagnosis

To diagnose akinetopsia, your doctor will perform a thorough physical exam and review your medical history. They will ask about head injuries, medication use, and other health conditions. 

They may order neuroimaging studies, such as a cranial computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan. These can help rule out other conditions.

Additional testing may be required to determine the underlying condition causing akinetopsia.

Possible Complications of Akinetopsia

Akinetopsia can cause severe emotional distress that decreases a patient’s quality of life. 

The condition affects a person’s ability to perform simple, everyday tasks like preparing food. It also keeps them from driving, crossing roads on foot, and participating in sports.

An inability to perceive motion also causes difficulty following conversations because lip movements aren’t detected.

Akinetopsia Treatment

Akinetopsia is challenging to treat because it’s rare, and much about it remains unknown. There are no medications approved to treat akinetopsia.

However, a case study of an epileptic seizure patient experiencing episodes of akinetopsia found relief from carbamazepine.² In this case, the akinetopsia occurred as seizures, so carbamazepine may not work for others. 

More often, people learn to cope with akinetopsia by managing the symptoms. Management may include:

• Vestibular and visual rehabilitation
• Learning to rely on other senses, such as hearing, to estimate distance and interact with others

Summary

Akinetopsia, or motion blindness, is a motion perception disorder. It’s extremely rare, with only a few reported cases in history. 

Inconspicuous akinetopsia causes motion perception that resembles still frames on an old movie reel. Gross akinetopsia is a complete inability to detect motion.

Akinetopsia is typically caused by bilateral brain damage in the V5/MT region of the brain. This can result from a brain injury, medical conditions like stroke and Alzheimer’s disease, and taking high doses of certain antidepressants.

Call your eye doctor immediately if you experience symptoms of akinetopsia or another problem with visual perception.

Adie syndrome affects the autonomic nervous system, which controls automatic bodily functions like the pupillary response. Adie syndrome may also cause a decrease or loss of deep tendon reflexes, especially in the Achilles tendon.

It’s more common in females than in males and often affects young adults between the ages of 25 and 45. Adie syndrome may also cause a decrease or loss of deep tendon reflexes, especially in the Achilles tendon.

Other names for Adie syndrome include:

• Adie’s syndrome
• Tonic pupil syndrome
• Adie tonic pupil
• Adie’s tonic pupil

Adie syndrome isn’t serious or life-threatening. However, the loss of deep tendon reflexes may be irreversible.

What is Adie’s Pupil?

A tonic pupil, or Adie pupil, is the main characteristic of Adie syndrome. The condition is often called Adie’s pupil when only the pupil is affected.

The affected pupil may be abnormally large (dilated) and slow to constrict in bright light. In most cases of Adie syndrome, only one eye is affected (unilateral). It’s a common cause of unequal pupil sizes (anisocoria).

Adie syndrome is mostly idiopathic, meaning it occurs without known cause. But it may involve damage to bundles of nerve cells, including:

• Parasympathetic ciliary ganglion. Located just behind the eye, the ciliary ganglion supplies the pupillary sphincter muscle, which constricts the pupil, and the ciliary muscle, which changes the shape of the lens.
• Dorsal root ganglion. It is part of the autonomic nervous system located at the root of the spinal nerves.

The nerve damage is likely due to inflammation, which may stem from infections, injuries, or ocular surgery.

How is Adie’s Pupil Different from Other Pupils?

An Adie tonic pupil’s distinct characteristics differentiate it from normal pupils and other pupil abnormalities. 

However, these characteristics aren’t exclusive to an Adie tonic pupil. It’s essential to get an accurate clinical diagnosis from a medical professional.   

Adie’s Pupil vs. Argyll Robertson Pupil

Argyll Robertson pupils are abnormally small in both eyes (bilateral tonic pupils). This condition is specific to late-stage syphilis. The pupils get smaller (constrict) when focusing on a near object, but not in response to bright light. 

In Adie syndrome, the tonic pupil usually affects only one eye. The pupil in the affected eye may constrict in response to light, but more slowly than it should.

Adie’s Pupil vs. Hutchinson’s Pupil

A Hutchinson pupil is a fixed and dilated pupil in one eye. It may look like Adie syndrome due to the unequal pupil size difference. 

A Hutchinson pupil differs in that it occurs when the oculomotor nerve gets compressed. This usually results from a mass inside the brain.

Adie’s Pupil vs. Normal Pupil

An Adie tonic pupil differs from a normal pupil in many ways:

• Pupil size. The tonic pupil in the affected eye is noticeably larger than the pupil of the normal eye.
• Response to light. A normal pupil dilates in low light and rapidly constricts in bright light. Adie syndrome causes a poorly reactive pupil that takes a long time to constrict in bright conditions.
• Response to near objects. While an Adie tonic pupil is sluggish to react to light, the pupil constricts more than a normal pupil when focusing on near objects.

How is Adie’s Pupil Diagnosed?

An ophthalmologist can diagnose the symptoms of Adie syndrome with a comprehensive exam. They’ll ask about any symptoms you have and look for a pupil that appears larger than it would in a normal eye. 

To come to a diagnosis, your doctor may perform the following tests:

• Slit lamp examination. This involves examining the inside of your eye with a special lighted microscope.
• Diluted pilocarpine. Applying these medicated eye drops to your eyes will cause the affected pupil to constrict more than the normal pupil.

People with Adie syndrome may need to see multiple medical professionals to evaluate non-eye symptoms like impaired sweating and reduced tendon reflexes.

Does Adie’s Pupil Affect Vision?

Adie syndrome doesn’t significantly impair your vision. However, people with Adie syndrome may experience:

• Differently sized pupils
• Light sensitivity (photophobia)
• Blurry vision, both near and far
• Trouble with depth perception
• Problems with light glare
• Difficulty adapting to dark conditions

Tell your eye doctor if you have any of these vision symptoms. They can recommend the best treatment for you.

Summary

Holmes Adie syndrome, also known as Adie syndrome, Adie’s syndrome, and tonic pupil syndrome, is a neurological disorder that affects the eye pupil. It involves damage to parts of the autonomic nervous system that control pupillary constriction.

The most obvious symptom of Adie syndrome is an abnormally large (dilated) pupil. It most often affects one eye but can occur in both. The affected pupil is slow to constrict in bright light. Other common symptoms include reduced deep tendon reflexes and excessive sweating.

Adie syndrome isn’t serious or life-threatening. However, it’s important to see a doctor for a diagnosis. Symptoms of Adie syndrome may resemble those of other pupil abnormalities that are more serious and require treatment.

• Ketotifen fumarate ophthalmic solution is an eye medication for allergic conjunctivitis and other allergies.
• Ketotifen may have additional uses that aren’t described in this article.
• Only take ketotifen as prescribed or recommended by your healthcare provider, and remember to disclose your full medical history to prevent potential drug interactions.
• This article is just a summary and doesn’t cover all possible information about ketotifen.
• If you have any questions about this medication, it’s best to talk to your doctor, pharmacist, or other healthcare provider.

What is Ketotifen?

Ketotifen is an antihistamine that prevents allergic reactions and treats allergic symptoms. It’s commonly paired with fumaric acid to form Ketotifen fumarate. It’s available in various forms, including topical eye drops (Ophthalmic solution) and oral tablets.

Ophthalmic Solution

Ketotifen eye drops are available over the counter (OTC) or in prescription form. The solution is applied directly into the eyes to prevent itching, swelling, and redness caused by an allergic reaction.

Oral Tablets

This medication is only available through a prescription from a healthcare professional. It reduces the severity, frequency, and duration of asthma attacks and symptoms in children.

Besides the conditions mentioned above, it may be prescribed for other uses. Ask your pharmacist or health care professional for more information.

How Does Ketotifen Work?

Ketotifen works as a selective antihistamine and mast cell stabilizer. It delivers its therapeutic effect in various ways:

• Antihistamine. As an H1 histamine receptor antagonist, ketotifen blocks a natural substance (histamine) that helps your body remove allergens by sneezing, tearing up, and itching.
• Mast cell stabilizer. It reduces the release of natural substances in your body that cause an allergic reaction.

Applying Ketotifen Fumarate Ophthalmic Solution

As an ophthalmic solution, ketotifen fumarate is used to treat allergic conjunctivitis. It’s sold under many common brand names, including:

• Zaditor
• Zyrtec Itchy Eye
• Eye Itch Relief
• Itchy Eye
• Claritin Eye
• Alaway
• Children’s Alaway

How to Use Ketotifen Fumarate Eye Drops

The recommended dose is one drop in the affected eye every 8 to 12 hours. Don’t use more or less of the medication than your doctor prescribes.

Follow these steps when applying ketotifen fumarate eye drops:

1. Wash your hands with soap and warm water.
2. Make sure the dropper tip isn’t chipped or cracked.
3. Avoid touching the dropper tip to your eye or any other surface.
4. Tilt your head back and pull down your lower eyelid with your index finger.
5. Using your other hand, hold the dropper close to your eye without touching it.
6. Look up and gently squeeze the dropper so one drop falls into your eye, then remove your index finger.
7. Close your eye for 2 to 3 minutes and tilt your head down.
8. Apply gentle pressure to your tear duct with a finger.
9. Use a tissue to wipe away any excess liquid from your face.
10. If using more than one drop in the same eye, wait 5 minutes to apply the next dose.
11. Replace the dropper in the bottle and tighten the cap without rinsing or wiping the tip.
12. Wash your hands again to remove any traces of the medicine.

Your vision may become temporarily blurred after taking this medication. For this reason, don’t attempt to drive or perform any activity that requires clear vision immediately after taking it.

Remember to follow the instructions on the prescription label and ask your healthcare provider any questions.

Can Ketotifen Fumarate Eye Drops Be Used with Contact Lenses?

If you wear soft contact lenses, remove them before applying ketotifen fumarate eye drops. Wait 10 minutes after instilling the drops to insert your contact lenses.

Don’t wear contact lenses if your eyes are red due to irritation. This medication should not be used to treat contact lens wear.

Potential Side Effects and Precautions of Ketotifen Fumarate

Using ketotifen fumarate eye drops may cause side effects, depending on how your body responds.

Common Side Effects

The most common side effects include:⁵

• Headaches
• Dry eyes
• Burning or stinging eyes
• Itching
• Eyelid problems
• Eyelid discharge

Other side effects can also occur when taking ketotifen fumarate. Call your doctor for medical advice if you experience side effects not listed above.

Less Common Side Effects

Serious allergic reactions to ketotifen aren’t common but can still lead to these symptoms:

• Skin rash or hives
• Swelling of the face, throat, or tongue
• Difficulty breathing
• Severe dizziness

These are signs of a life-threatening medical condition called anaphylaxis. If you experience any serious symptoms above, Call 911 or your local emergency number immediately.

Precautions to Follow When Using Ketotifen

Before taking this medication, tell your doctor your medical history. Specific things to point out include:

• If you’re allergic to ketotifen or other types of medication, foods, preservatives, or dyes
• If you wear contact lenses
• If you’re pregnant or planning to become pregnant
• If you’re breastfeeding

Potential Drug Interactions

Drug interactions with ketotifen don’t always occur. However, you shouldn’t use other eye ointments or medications without your doctor’s approval. This also applies to taking alcohol, illicit drugs, or smoking.

Give your healthcare provider a complete list of all other medicines you take. They will advise you on possible drug interactions you should expect. This includes dietary supplements, herbs, and non-prescription drugs.

If your doctor says it’s okay to use another eye medication simultaneously with ketotifen, wait at least 5 minutes between dosages.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on Ketotifen Fumarate

What Should I Do if I Miss a Dose?

Apply the missed dose soon as you remember. However, if it’s close to the time when you would take your next dose, just skip the missed dose.

Continue your normal dosing schedule. Don’t take a double dose to make up for the missed one.

Where Should I Store This Medication?

Ketotifen should be kept in the container it came in. Ensure that it’s tightly closed and out of reach of children.

Store it at room temperature, away from light, heat, and humidity. If unused or expired, dispose of it properly.

What Do I Do in Case of an Overdose?

Ketotifen may be harmful if swallowed. If someone is experiencing serious symptoms such as trouble breathing, call 911.

Otherwise, call your poison control center immediately. U.S. residents should contact their local poison control center at 1-800-222-122. Residents of Canada should call a provincial poison control center.

Is It Okay to Share My Ketotifen Fumarate Medication With Other People?

Don’t let anyone else use medication a doctor prescribed for you, even if you’re taking the same medicine. Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about prescription refills.

What Else Can I Do to Relieve Eye Allergies?

Other solutions include avoiding allergens such as pollen and animal hair. You can also use cold compresses and lubricating eye drops to reduce eye irritation.

Moxifloxacin is a medication that belongs to a class of drugs called fluoroquinolones, which is a type of quinolone antibiotic. It treats various bacterial eye infections by killing the bacteria causing the infection.

Common brand names for moxifloxacin include Moxeza and Vigamox. Moxifloxacin comes as an ophthalmic solution (eye drops) and is only available as a prescription.

What are Moxifloxacin Eye Drops Used for?

Moxifloxacin eye drops are used to treat bacterial eye infections. It’s commonly prescribed as a bacterial conjunctivitis (pink eye) treatment. 

Other uses include treatment for bacterial keratitis and preventing eye infections from cataract surgery and refractive eye surgery. It may be used for other purposes. Ask your healthcare professional for complete information about using this medicine.

Which Bacteria Does Moxifloxacin Treat?

Moxifloxacin effectively treats a wide range of bacteria. It’s a broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone antibiotic that’s especially effective against:²

• Streptococci bacteria
• Staphylococci bacteria

It may be used to treat infections caused by other types of bacteria.

How Quickly Do Moxifloxacin Eye Drops Start Working?

That may vary depending on the individual and the particular eye infection being treated. Studies show that 66% to 69% of people receiving moxifloxacin for bacterial conjunctivitis are cured by the fourth day.² 

Another study found that 56% of people taking moxifloxacin were cured after three days, and 94% were cured by day seven.⁶

You should begin to feel better after several days of treatment with moxifloxacin. Call your doctor if your symptoms don’t go away or get worse. Also, tell your doctor if you develop new symptoms during treatment.

Is Moxifloxacin Safe for Eyes?

Yes. When used as directed and under the supervision of a healthcare professional, moxifloxacin is considered safe for the eyes of adults and children.^2-3 

Studies comparing moxifloxacin with other antibiotic treatments for conjunctivitis found moxifloxacin to be similar in safety and effectiveness.^{2, 5-6}

Always consult your healthcare provider for advice on whether moxifloxacin is safe for your health needs.

What is Moxifloxacin Ophthalmic Solution?

This is another name for moxifloxacin eye drops. It’s a liquid medication specifically formulated for use in the eyes. This article uses the terms ophthalmic solution and eye drops interchangeably.

How to Use Moxifloxacin Ophthalmic Solution

Only use this medicine in your eyes. Follow the instructions on your prescription label and ask your doctor or pharmacist any questions about using this medication.

You can use these eye drops at whatever time of day is convenient and easy to remember. It’s best to apply the eye drops at the same times every day. However, don’t change the dosage of moxifloxacin or any other medication without your doctor’s approval.

Here’s how to use the eye drops:

1. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and water.
2. Do not let the dropper tip touch your eye, fingertips, or anything else.
3. Tilt your head back and use your index finger to gently pull down the lower eyelid of the affected eye, forming a pocket.
4. Hold the dropper tip as close to your eye as possible without touching it.
5. Gently squeeze the dropper so one drop falls into the eyelid pocket.
6. Release your lower eyelid and close your eyes gently to allow the medicine to spread.
7. Use your finger to apply gentle pressure to the tear duct.
8. Wipe any excess liquid with a clean tissue.
9. If the prescribed number of drops is more than one, wait at least 5 minutes before applying the next dose.
10. Replace the cap and close it tightly. Don’t wipe or rinse the dropper tip. 
11. Wash your hands again.  

Take this medication for as many days as your doctor tells you to. Don’t stop taking it early, even if you start feeling better.

Safety Precautions 

Before prescribing moxifloxacin, your healthcare professional will take a complete medical history. Make sure to tell your doctor if you:

• Have had an unusual or allergic reaction. This includes reactions to moxifloxacin or any other quinolone antibiotic or other drugs. Tell them about any other allergies as well.
• Are taking any other drugs. Including prescription and non-prescription medications, vitamins and other dietary supplements, and herbal products. Your doctor may need to alter the doses of your medications or monitor you for possible drug interactions or side effects. 
• Have any medical conditions. Include any past medical conditions 
• Are pregnant or plan to become pregnant. Tell your doctor if you become pregnant while taking moxifloxacin.
• Plan on breastfeeding. It’s unknown whether this drug passes into breast milk. Talk to your doctor before breastfeeding.
• Wear contact lenses. Avoid contact lens use while experiencing symptoms of pink eye or other eye infections. Throw away any contact lenses that touched the infected eye. 

The risk of a secondary infection is another safety precaution to remember when using this drug for prolonged or repeated periods. 

Studies show that preventive moxifloxacin used pre- and post-surgery significantly reduces populations of healthy bacteria in the nasal cavity.⁴ When beneficial bacteria are destroyed, it’s easier for disease-causing bacteria to cause an infection.

What if You Miss a Dose?

If you miss a dose, take the missed dose as soon as you can. However, if it’s close to the time you would take your next dose, skip the missed dose and proceed with your regular dosing schedule. 

Don’t take a double dose or extra doses.

How to Store Moxifloxacin

Moxifloxacin should be stored in its container with the lid tightly closed. Keep it out of reach and sight of children. Store it at room temperature in a cool, dry place (not in the bathroom).

Dispose of any unused or expired medication. Don’t flush medications down the toilet. Instead, ask your pharmacist or local waste disposal company about medicine take-back programs in your area.

What are the Side Effects of Moxifloxacin?

Moxifloxacin may cause side effects. Ask your doctor for medical advice about side effects that are severe or don’t go away. 

Common Symptoms

The most common side effects people experience while taking moxifloxacin include:

• Dry eyes
• Blurred vision
• Decreased visual acuity
• Teary eyes 
• Broken blood vessels in the eye (subconjunctival hemorrhage)

Serious Symptoms

Call your doctor immediately if you experience any of the following:

• Eye pain, itching, redness, or swelling
• Ear pain or fullness
• Fever, chills, sore throat, or other signs of infection
• Rash or hives
• Unusual tiredness or weakness

Call 911 or seek emergency medical help if you or someone else experiences:

• Trouble breathing 
• Difficulty swallowing 
• Swelling of the face, tongue, lips, or throat 

These are symptoms of a rare but serious allergic reaction called anaphylaxis. Immediate medical attention is required to prevent a life-threatening situation.

Can Moxifloxacin Eye Drops Cause Blurred Vision?

Yes. Temporary blurred vision is a potential side effect of moxifloxacin eye drops. However, you should call your doctor for medical advice If you experience blurry vision that doesn’t go away.

Also, tell your doctor if blurry vision occurs with other side effects while using this medicine, such as eye pain or eyelid swelling.

Summary

Moxifloxacin is a type of quinolone antibiotic commonly used to treat bacterial pink eye. It may also be used to treat and help prevent other eye infections and for additional purposes.

These eye drops are considered safe for the eyes but may cause temporary blurred vision and other mild side effects. Serious allergic reactions are rare but possible. Call your doctor for advice about side effects that are severe or ongoing.

This article is only a summary of moxifloxacin and may not cover all possible information. Consult your doctor, pharmacist, or other health care professional with any questions about using this medication.

Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment is a medication that treats certain bacterial eye infections. It contains the active ingredient erythromycin, which belongs to a group of medications called macrolide antibiotics.

Common brand names for this medication include:

• Ilotycin Ophthalmic
• Romycin Ophthalmic
• PremierPro RX Erythromycin

Generic versions of this drug are also available. Erythromycin is only obtainable with a doctor’s prescription.

What Infections Does Erythromycin Eye Ointment Treat?

This medication treats bacterial infections of the eye. It’s not effective against viral or fungal infections. ou should only use this eye medication to treat the infection your doctor prescribed it for.

Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment is commonly prescribed for:

Bacterial Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye) 

This is an infection of the conjunctiva, the transparent membrane that covers the front of your eye and lines the eyelids. Ophthalmic erythromycin ointment helps eliminate the bacteria causing the infection.  

Bacterial Keratitis

This is an infection of the cornea, the clear dome covering the front part of your eye. Your doctor may prescribe erythromycin ophthalmic ointment to treat certain cases of bacterial keratitis.

Neonatal Conjunctivitis

Also called ophthalmia neonatorum, this bacterial eye infection affects newborn babies. Erythromycin ointment is commonly used as a harmless, cost-effective way to prevent blindness in newborns.³

During childbirth, bacteria from chlamydia and gonorrhea infections can enter a newborn’s eyes. Both conditions can progress rapidly and cause irreversible damage to an infant’s eyes, even if neither parent shows symptoms.

For this reason, erythromycin is typically applied to babies’ eyes shortly after birth as a preventive measure. 

How Effective is Erythromycin Eye Ointment?

The effectiveness of erythromycin ophthalmic ointment varies based on several factors, including the individual and the condition being treated.^3-5,7

Many healthcare providers support using erythromycin ointments to prevent eye infections in newborn babies.^3-5 However, research shows that other treatments, including silver nitrate and tetracycline, are equally as effective as erythromycin.⁷ 

Is Erythromycin the Best Antibiotic for Eye Infections?

That depends on the individual and the type of infection. Bacteria can become resistant to erythromycin, which leads to decreased effectiveness.² 

Erythromycin is one of several antibiotic eye ointments used to treat bacterial eye infections. Your doctor about the best option for you and your particular needs.

How to Use Erythromycin Eye Ointment

This medication should only be applied to the eye. Follow the instructions on your prescription label carefully. Ask your doctor or pharmacist any questions you may have.

Here are step-by-step instructions on how to use the ointment:

1. Wash your hands thoroughly with soap and warm water. 
2. Open the ointment tube. Be careful not to touch the tube tip to your eye or any other surface, as this may cause contamination.
3. Tilt your head back and gently pull down the lower eyelid of the infected eye with your index finger. This should create a small pocket between your eye and the lower lid.
4. Squeeze a small amount of ointment — about ½ inch or 1 centimeter, unless otherwise directed by your doctor — into the pocket. Avoid touching the tube to your eye or eyelashes. 
5. Gently close your eyes for 1 to 2 minutes to allow the medicine to spread. Your vision may be temporarily blurred for a few minutes afterward. Don’t drive or do anything that requires clear vision until the blurriness subsides.
6. Replace the ointment tube cap and close it tightly. 
7. Use a clean tissue to remove excess ointment from your eyelids and lashes. 
8. Rewash your hands to avoid spreading the infection. 

Continue using this medication regularly until you finish the prescription, even if your symptoms disappear. If you stop using it before the infection is completely cured, the bacteria may develop resistance to the antibiotic.¹

How Often Should Erythromycin Eye Ointment Be Applied? 

Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment usually gets applied up to six times a day.¹ However, you should follow the specific instructions provided by your health care provider. They may recommend a different dosage or frequency based on your specific needs. 

Don’t use more or less of the ointment or apply it more often than your doctor tells you to. 

How to Store and Dispose of Erythromycin Eye Ointment

• Store your ointment in the container it came in with the lid tightly closed. Keep it away from children and pets.
• This medication should be kept at room temperature. Don’t expose it to freezing temperatures or high heat.
• Dispose of any medicine that’s expired or no longer needed. Don’t flush it down the toilet. Ask your area’s pharmacist or local waste disposal department about medicine take-back programs.

What if You Miss a Dose?

If you miss a dose, apply it as soon as you remember. But if it’s almost time for your next dose, take only that dose. Skip the missed dose and proceed with your regular dosing schedule. 

Don’t use double or extra doses to make up for a missed dose. 

Other Safety Precautions

Before prescribing erythromycin ophthalmic ointment, your doctor will take a complete medical history. Make sure to tell them if you:

• Have had an allergic reaction. To erythromycin, ingredients in erythromycin, or any other medications.
• Take any other drugs. Including prescription and over-the-counter medications, vitamins or other dietary supplements, herbal products, and other eye medications.
• Pregnant or breastfeeding. Call your doctor if you become pregnant while taking erythromycin ophthalmic ointment. 
• Wear soft contact lenses. Don’t wear contact lenses while you have an eye infection. 

This medication may be harmful if swallowed. If someone has overdosed and is experiencing serious symptoms such as difficulty breathing, call 911. In other cases, U.S. residents can call their local poison control center at 1-800-222-122. 

What are the Side Effects of Erythromycin Eye Ointment?

Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment may cause side effects. Call your doctor if you experience any severe symptoms that don’t go away. 

Common Symptoms

Common side effects include:

• Redness
• Itching
• Stinging or burning of the eye
• Temporarily blurred vision after applying the ointment

Serious Symptoms

Severe allergic reactions to erythromycin are rare but serious. Seek emergency medical care if you experience any of the following symptoms: 

• Rash or hives 
• Trouble breathing 
• Swelling of the face, tongue, or throat 

These are symptoms of a potentially life-threatening medical condition called anaphylaxis. Call 911 or your local emergency number immediately.

Summary

Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment is an eye medication used to treat bacterial infections. It’s also commonly used to prevent blindness in newborn babies shortly after birth. 

This article is a summary and may only cover some possible information about erythromycin ophthalmic ointment. 

Always follow your doctor’s instructions for taking ophthalmic erythromycin or any other prescription medicine. Ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain anything you don’t understand about taking this medication. 

It’s common to “see stars”—flashes of light caused by photopsia—every so often. These visual changes last only a few seconds and usually result from temporary pressure on your eye. Sneezing hard or rubbing your eyes can cause flashing lights to appear in your visual field.

Symptoms of Photopsia

Photopsia causes floaters, light flashes, and other abnormalities in the visual field. Floaters are specks and spots that are easier to see during the day. Flashes of light can appear in various forms and are usually more noticeable in the dark.

When to Worry About Seeing Flashes or Floaters

Call your doctor immediately if you experience photopsia or other visual symptoms that don’t disappear after a few seconds.

Photopsia that appears suddenly and doesn’t go away may indicate an underlying condition that needs medical attention. 

Some causes of photopsia, such as age-related macular degeneration and retinal detachment, can lead to eventual vision loss without treatment.

What Does Photopsia Look Like?

If you have photopsia, you may experience any of the following visual disturbances:

• Flickering lights
• Shimmering lights
• Light flashes
• Zig-zag lines or streaks (scintillating scotoma)
• Pulsating, strobe-like lights
• Floating dots or geometric shapes
• Snow or static in the visual field (visual snow)

Photopsia is a common symptom that occurs with several eye and brain disorders. It’s not a condition by itself.

What Causes Photopsia?

Many conditions affecting the eyes and brain can trigger photopsia. The most common causes of this visual phenomenon include:

Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a gradual breakdown of the macula, the part of your eye that provides sharp central vision. It’s a common eye condition in people over age 50. 

Photopsia is one of the early symptoms of AMD. Other common symptoms include blurry vision and a loss of central vision.

Retinal Detachment

The retina is a light-sensitive tissue that lines the inner back wall of the eye. It sends messages to your brain so you can see.

Retinal detachment happens when the retina moves out of its normal position. When this occurs, retinal cells don’t get the oxygen and nutrients they need to do their job. 

Light flashes, floaters, and reduced vision can be early warning signs of retinal detachment. Without immediate treatment, a detached retina can cause permanent vision loss.

Retinal Tears

A retinal tear often leads to retinal detachment. Blurry vision and seeing flashes of light or floaters are common symptoms of retinal tears.

Posterior Vitreous Detachment

Vitreous is the gel-like substance inside your eye. Normally, the vitreous attaches to the retina. Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is when the vitreous separates from the retina.

Floaters and flashes of light in your peripheral vision are common symptoms of PVD. Sometimes, PVD leads to retinal tears and detachment.

Vertebrobasilar Insufficiency

Vertebrobasilar insufficiency (VBI) is poor blood flow to the back of your brain. Without oxygen and nutrients from blood, brain damage occurs.

The back of your brain processes visual information and coordinates movement. Brain damage in this area causes visual changes like photopsia and difficulty walking and balancing. 

Optic Neuritis

Optic neuritis is inflammation of the eye’s optic nerve. This nerve relays signals from the retina to the brain so you can see.

Inflammation damages the optic nerve and causes symptoms such as:

• Eye pain
• Blurry vision
• Photopsia

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a common cause of optic nerve inflammation.

Ocular Migraine

Migraines are known for causing intense, throbbing headaches. Other symptoms that can occur with ocular migraines include visual changes called auras. A visual aura is a type of photopsia that can look like snow or static on a television screen.

Charles Bonnet Syndrome

Charles Bonnet Syndrome (CBS) is a condition that can affect people with full or partial vision loss. CBS causes visual hallucinations, such as repeating patterns of dots, lines, or geometric shapes.

Digitalis Toxicity

Digitalis, which includes the medications digitoxin or digoxin, is a medication that treats heart disease. Taking too much digitalis at once or over a long-term period can be toxic.

Photopsia is a common early symptom of digitalis toxicity, which can be life-threatening. Other symptoms of digitalis toxicity include nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.

How to Treat Photopsia

There’s no single treatment plan for photopsia. Your eye doctor will identify the condition that’s causing your visual symptoms. The type of treatment they recommend will depend on the underlying condition.

Photopsia is usually a symptom of a preexisting condition like age-related macular degeneration or optic neuritis. If you have a preexisting condition, photopsia can be a sign that it’s getting worse. 

Call your doctor to discuss your new symptoms, and they may change your treatment plan accordingly. Depending on the type and severity of your condition, photopsia may not be reversible.

Does Photopsia Go Away on Its Own?

Photopsia sometimes goes away without treatment, but this depends on the underlying cause. If your visual symptoms are from an ocular migraine or optic neuritis, they will likely resolve on their own.

Conditions like age-related macular degeneration and retinal detachment require professional treatment from an ophthalmologist. Without treatment, these eye conditions can lead to vision loss.

Summary

Photopsia encompasses many visual symptoms, including flashes of light, visual snow, and floaters. If you experience these symptoms, it may be a sign of an underlying condition affecting your eye or brain.

Visual changes like photopsia, blurry vision, and reduced vision can signify that a preexisting condition is worsening. 

Some conditions that cause photopsia can lead to permanent vision loss or death. Call your doctor anytime you experience sudden changes in vision.